Polygon intersection python

-tr target resolution, 3 m. coords) Q0, Q1, Q2 = np. shp input. Feb 26, 2015 · Lets consider 02 geometries (Points and Polygons) which intersect at least once. Here's an example of using it: Jul 30, 2019 · 5. I used shapely. spatial. It covers fundamental algorithms and data structures, with a focus on practical applications. Stacked Inequalities of the form Ax + b <= 0 in format [A; b] Point clearly inside the region defined by halfspaces. dtype). If for some reason this is not what you want, but you want to find the area of the union - use: multipoly = geometry. gpkg' layer = r'overlapping_polygons' gdf1 = gpd. You can also save time by skipping the intersects check entirely, because if a line doesn't intersect with mergedshorelines, it won't be a MultiPoint or Point object, it will be a LineString. A two-dimensional polygon. Also called a feasible point, it can be obtained by linear programming. recarray containing several fields based on the intersection performed. Polygon(*args, n=0, **kwargs) [source] ¶. intersects(poly. The approach is as follows: Let's start with two line segments: segment 1 and segment 2. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. How Intersect works. The intersection method works great to check whether the line goes through the polygon, and the function below finds the point of interest. intersection () is used to get the intersection of a given polygon and the given geometry entity. 0) geometry. I would like to check whether the point is inside the polygon and the distance (point to the nearest point in polygon) as well. geometry import shape. unary_union))) >>> Intersection. Jan 13, 2014 · here is my python code, it does not intersect and when I plot this in google map , I see the intersection. There are basically two ways of conducting PIP in Shapely: using a function called . How can I do that? Dec 4, 2018 · 9. Sep 1, 2016 · I'm trying to intersect a polyline and polygon and write out the resulting polyline shapefile using ogr2ogr. You can either create a new GeoJSON file or simply export the geometry to Json and print it. Can be constructed from a sequence of points or from a center, radius, number of sides and rotation angle. Jun 18, 2012 · For example, using the gdalwarp command-line: gdalwarp -te xmin ymin xmax ymax -tr 3 3 -r bilinear A_state_30m. The idea is that if the intersection is a nontrivial line segment, its endpoints will come from (a) intersections of l with the boundary of t; (b) the endpoints of l enclosed by t. union1=ogr. geometry import Point, Polygon from shapely. Polylines Intersection with Rectangle Polygon (Green: Clip, Black: Subject, Red: Solution) When the Polylines intersect the rectangle regularly, the solution provides, as Oct 28, 2015 · However, in order to avoid doing this manually 127 times, I would like to write a script that will iterate through each polygon - performing the intersect with the polyline layer and leaving me with 127 separate shapefiles. 4. Notice: even though we are talking here about Point in Polygon operation, it is also possible to check if a LineString or tree = shapely. Oct 15, 2019 · For two given polygons generated in this code, how do I find the percentage of intersection on the rectangle? [The polygon was created using the Alphashape function] (Linked to Finding points of intersection in polygon? and similar to this question answered: Returning percentage of area of polygon intersecting another polygon using shapely but Sep 6, 2019 · Obviously, you would have to first install shapely. intersection () Method. boundingBox()) if idsList: selection. is_valid True The documentation says that:. I have the vertices of the two polygons (These are single-part polygons without any holes) in two different arrays. tif. geometry) AS geometry, A. Jun 2, 2019 · In Shapely 1. exterior)[:-1] # vectors in Plane. Segment(*endpoints) return intersection. The underlying Clipper2 library performs intersection, union, difference and XOR boolean operations on both simple and complex polygons and also performs offsetting of polygons and inflation of paths. polygon. S. Here is a github repo on finding the concave hull for a set of points using python. Shapely knows nothing about your units. 5,2),(3,5),(5,4),(3. answered Aug 20, 2020 at 15:13. import geopandas as gpd import itertools # load data gpkg = r'D:\OneDrive\geodata\misc. Oct 1, 2010 · If you need the intersection point, then the answer by OMG_peanuts is a faster approach. difference(inter) MP_diff Nov 23, 2008 · You can find ways to triangulate polygons. Follow along with the videos and you'll be a python programmer in no t Oct 24, 2019 · 3d polygon - polygon intersection in python. 2684348812) ring. If any rings cross each other, the feature is invalid and operations on it may fail. A valid Polygon may not possess any overlapping exterior or interior rings. else: intersection = sympy. Overview While the answer of eguaio does the job, there is a more natural way to get the closest point using shapely. scipy. >>> p1. Before I continue, I've already looked at the questions here and here. Therefore, when you call polygon. import cv2. 01). If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. within () that checks if a point is within a polygon. So it is basically ray-tracing of those surfaces to see which is in front. The first step is to generate polygons corresponding to the Voronoi regions. Oct 25, 2012 · You are getting this exception because p1 is not a valid polygon. 1 True. -r bilinear, a good algorithm for orthophotos and Nov 29, 2021 · This seems like a common graphics problem, but I don't seem to find anything that does what I want in python: I have many 4-vertex polygons in 3D space and need to calculate for a given ray which of the polygons is intercepted first and where. Using Python's shapely package, I can find the intersection of two polygons using the intersection function. wkbLinearRing) ring. to select data based on location. #. Point in Polygon & Intersect¶. Geometry(ogr. Different dimension values can be used to create different shape types. Halfspace intersections in N dimensions. geometry. It returns sqrt(2)/6 in your example. The features can be Polygons or Polylines. Mar 19, 2014 · I'm looking for an algorithm, a high-level solution, or even a library which can help me determine if two polygons intersect, in Python. P0, P1 = np. I want to repeat this calculation on a number of polygons to see which one contains the highest number of points. 0218226474, 667456. query(polygon_to_intersect, predicate="intersects") intersections = shapely. I not very familiar with Python - I only know some very basic commands. insertFeature(ft) selection = [] # This list stores the features which contains at least one point. Spatial join of your layers; You should write something like this : pointsInPolygon = gpd. AddPoint(1179091. Intersection of two line segments in Python. Mar 2, 2017 · I'm trying to intersect two polygons based on the following link, intersecting two shapefiles from Python or command line But problem occured that shows a "ValueError: Geometry column cannot contain mutiple geometry types when writing to file. The Polygon constructor takes two positional parameters. geometry = geometry. using a function called . It provides functions to create and manipulate geometric objects like points, lines, and polygons. Matplotlib’s fill() function allows you to fill the area of a polygon by specifying the vertices. If grid_size is nonzero, input coordinates will be snapped to a precision grid of that size and resulting coordinates will be snapped to that same grid. UnsupportedOperationException: GeometryGraph::add(Geometry *): unknown geometry type: N4geos4geom7PolygonE. cc(75)] read out of range Jan 16, 2018 · return 0. unary_union(multipoly). May 31, 2020 · poly_list = [poly_N, poly_E] # finding the intersection of circle and polys intersec_list = [] for poly in poly_list: intersec_list. Sep 2, 2016 · DE-9IM Wikipedia. In your case, these are not meters, but degrees. So if you want to test for each point to be in a single polygon you will have to do: poly = GeoSeries(Polygon([(0,0), (0,2), (2,2), (2,0)])) g1. from osgeo import ogr # Create test polygon ring = ogr. The function takes in the x and y coordinates of the polygon’s vertices and an optional color to fill the polygon. is_valid #True However, the resulting polygon is almost None: geometry. 8. Jul 6, 2022 · This can be implemented with a batch of intersection queries. I appreciate your help and suggestions. If you want to buffer in meters, you first need to reproject your Polygon and Linestring into a CRS that uses meters. append(feat) # Select all the polygon features which contains at least one point. geometry)" test. It may have one or more negative-space “holes” which are also bounded by linear rings. Mostly I need to intersect a plane with my features and get the result. Unsure where to go from here. make_valid () will take a self intersecting Polygon and return a MultiPolygon with each polygon created by splitting at the self intersection point (s). Does there exist a Python library which spots the self-intersections and makes it possible to correct them? I have found it is possible in QGIS but how can I achieve the same result in Python? Do I need a PostGIS DB or I can handle it with a Python library? Sep 2, 2022 · There would as well involve the “ID” column including the IDs of all polygons that “make up” each intersection zone. . The easiest way which is slower is to iterate through your polygon and compare each LinearRing. Feb 6, 2019 · I have a self-intersecting polygon inside a shapefile. answered Sep 6, 2019 at 20:57. get coordinate of points where a line crosses a polygon. heineman/python-polygon-intersection. dtype: bool. I want to intersect the two DataFrames and export it to a file Dec 13, 2019 · I am trying to intersect two GeoPandas data frames, the first one is the street data (streets) and the second one is a buffer (polygon) around a point (buffer). reshape(-1, arr1. Oct 10, 2019 · Extract By Location gives a shapefile that is a result of the intersection of polygons in the input shapefile. append(circle. nearest_points function:. getFeatures(): index. Here is the command I've been trying: ogr2ogr -dialect SQLITE -sql "SELECT ST_Intersection(A. We find contours then calculate the centroid to get the intersection point. The features, or portion of features, that are common to all inputs (that is, they intersect) will be written to the output feature class. for feat in layer1: This repository contains my own computational geometry Python package: geometric. Next we will do a practical example where we check which of Estonian Category III protected species sightings from a prepared monitoring GeoPackage file, category_3_species_porijogi. def intersect3D_SegmentPlane(Segment, Plane): # Points in Segment: Pn Points in Plane: Qn. Parameters: vertices. Computed Images; Computed Tables; Creating Cloud GeoTIFF-backed Assets; API Reference. Sep 13, 2016 · I'm trying to loop through, determine if there's an intersection between two polygons, and then create a new polygon that excludes that intersection. *, B. Load 7 more related questions Show fewer related questions Sorted by: Reset to default Sep 1, 2022 · I am trying to find a way to intersect a polygons layer with itself in python to identify each newly produced intersection polygon using geopandas, but am not sure how to actually perform this with a single geodataframe, as opposed to intersecting one geodataframe with another geodataframe. Oct 29, 2021 · The number of mappings is quite large - ~10 million coordinates across 100+ million polygons. buffer(0. GeoDataFrame(geometry=list(Roads. TopologicalError: This operation could not be performed. vrt. " Jul 26, 2019 · This course will give you a full introduction into all of the core concepts in python. At the next situation, the features are adjacent and the intersection is a LineString; where the QuickWKT plugin was also used to visualize the line layer at the Map View. Dec 31, 2014 · You need to get the intersection from the exterior of the polygon and the line. Rather than using ogr, use the Shapely module, it is easier. where: -te target extents, you need to supply this from your (B) county-sized raster; try using gdalinfo to help determine this extent. " GitHub is where people build software. Jan 14, 2014 · For that, you can get the geometry of the intersection by: For example (with two polygons shapefiles): layer1. Input image -> Horizontal mask -> Vertical mask -> Joints. Unfortunately, i've got a strange error, saying. Sep 30, 2022 · In this post we'll work our way towards an algorithm that can compute convex polygon intersections. geometry is in Cartesian plane, how you are solving this? l = "40. If you really need ray/polygon intersection, it's on 16. I tried using unary union and polygonize but this is giving me a list of polygons but I want only one polygon that has the intersection of the set of multi-polygon polygons. Here is something as a start: Oct 30, 2023 · Shapely is a popular Python library used for geometric operations on Cartesian plane figures. 2. is_valid False >>> p2. Aug 9, 2019 · I am doing some work on the Geopanda library, I have a shapefile with polygons and data on a excel sheet that I transform into points. The first is an ordered sequence of (x, y[, z]) point tuples and is treated exactly as in the LinearRing case. I want to know if each polygon has any matching points? joined = geopandas. More than 100 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over 420 million projects. tif C_county_3m. intersection(poly)) MP_intersec = MultiPolygon(intersec_list) # finding the difference of circle and polygons diff_list = [] for inter in intersec_list: diffi = c. It gives you a strong and simple tool if you need determine properties such as surface areas of polygons defined by points, find if two lopygons intersects each other or determine polygon in which other two defined polygons intersects. I have verified that each polygon is a geometry and that they intersect. Point in Polygon & Intersect¶ Finding out if a certain point is located inside or outside of an area, or finding out if a line intersects with another line or polygon are fundamental geospatial operations that are often used e. geometry, B. Imagine you have a 2D polygon (a 2D closed polygonal chain to be more precise). How do you check if it contains self-intersections? It can be convex or concave, oriented clockwise or counter-clockwise. intersection(voronoi_polys. 8838459781) ring. We first compute the intersection between the ray and [the plane of the ploygon] pie_p , which is easily done by replacing x by the ray. The geometry entity can be a point, line, polygon, or other geometric figures. shapely. 2 True. 0, new function added. 0004149480225530316 Unfortunately I do not understand why. 9 of Real-Time Rendering (13. unary_union. g. In Sympy, the function Polygon. Jun 28, 2014 · If you have a polygon with holes: Get the coordinates of two polygon's intersection area (in Python) 1. Detected intersection in green. Sep 15, 2021 · How is intersection implemented in Shapely? What is the algorithm that Shapely used to check if two polygons intersect? uses the JTS as a backend. Results for the other image. tolist() # iterate over all combinations of polygons and get the intersections (overlaps) overlaps Aug 11, 2015 · After running it with a two features shapefile, where the intersection is a polygon, I got:` I used the QuickWKT plugin to put the polygon layer visible at the Map Canvas. contains () _ that checks if a polygon contains a point. view(arr1. However, intersects returns true while Intersection returns None. Nov 26, 2014 · Since the post is very related to computer vision and object detection, I thought of putting some code together that I use for finding the intersection of bounding boxes and also finding their intersection over union (IoU). This code was originally developed by Adrian Rosebrock in this blog post: This is the module (where I named it Bbox): Jul 24, 2021 · 1. I have done in a way of creating 2 convex contours and 2 Mats of zeros and fill them with fillConvexPoly() and doing a bitwise_and() between the two Mats for getting the intersection. And if you need to work with shapefiles, use the Fiona module (easier and also based on GDAL/OGR, with many examples in GIS stackexchange) If you want to continue with osgeo/ogr, look at the Python GDAL/OGR Cookbook. What you are trying to do is a Spatial Join (point in Polygon) and not a simple intersection and you can use : pyshp (shapefile) (pure Python module) as in Point in Polygon or Point in Polygon 2: Walking the line Dec 31, 2014 · The intersection of a Polygon and a LineString is a LineString and the intersection of two LineStrings is a Point (or MultiPoint), so you need to transform your Polygon into a LineString -> Shapely: LinearRings. Through the answers to this question the code has gone from this: Jul 17, 2014 · I have 2 contours and I want to compare how much the same are they, as the ratio of the area_of_c1/area_of_intersection and area_of_c2/area_of_intersection. The result is accurate but takes a longer time. ops import nearest_points poly = Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 8), (14, 10), (6, 1)]) point = Point(12, 4) # The points are returned in the same order as the input geometries: p1, p2 = nearest_points(poly Oct 16, 2017 · I've been trying to find out if 2 polygons are intersected and calculate the percentage of intersected area. So I went and created a much simplified "polygon_to_intersect": Point in Polygon using Geopandas¶. Features or portions of features that overlap in all layers or feature classes will be written to the output feature class. However, if you just want to find whether the lines intersect or not, you can do so by using the line equation (ax + by + c = 0). geometry() idsList = index. Jan 18, 2017 · for ft in layer1. 8 for 2nd ed). Feb 8, 2017 · I have some code that I am using to determine which Shapely Polygon/MultiPolygons intersect with a number of Shapely LineStrings. area # 0. import fiona. 0. To check if two geographical areas intersect using shapely, we first need to create two polygon objects representing the respective areas. 65:-114. Then use the linked to code to generate a concave hull for these points, with some guess for the value of alpha. Jul 21, 2011 · 8. Isolating the intersecting polygon where all polygons intersect in Python with the shapely library Hot Network Questions Visual Studio Code crashes with [ERROR:process_memory_range. Jul 19, 2021 · The value of IoU will therefore be given by the area of I divided by the sum of the areas of the two polygons minus the area of I. Ideally, the output I would like to achieve is something like shown below, with a 'poly_intersect' column listing the ID of the polygon at which the split has occurred. raise err. intersection(Contours. I want to calculate how much of these points intersect with the polygon. This question isn't redundant since it involves dynamic points and a static polygons. intersect() V. Jun 7, 2022 · It is supposed to give the intersection of the green cube with the blue polygone (5 intersections is expected) but it only gives 3 of them (red lines). sjoin(points, polygons, how="inner", op='intersects') Add a field with 1 as a constant value You should write something like this : pointsInPolygon['const']=1 Summary. 2 units. 19. My recommendation to you is the following. Code. Pypex. Intersect does the following: Determines the spatial reference for processing. Code for finding intersections with polygons as below: Pyclipr is a Python library offering the functionality of the Clipper2 polygon clipping and offsetting library and are built upon pybind. Jun 1, 2023 · The second answer on the below link has pointed me in the right direction however it only produces an empty polygon when I convert the geojson geometry to a shapely geometry. To apply the intersects function to a list of squares, we then rely on Python’s filter built-in function (see official Python docs). Pypex is python library created for purpose of easier interactions with 2D convex polygons and lines. Now we can intersect the polygons for each Voronoi region with the bounding polygon: In this case, all the Voronoi polygons have non-empty intersection with the bounding polygon, but in the general case some of them might vanish. A simple polygon in space. ops. Nov 24, 2018 · 1. Aug 31, 2020 · Say, if I have two polygons, their name and coordinates are (in Python): p:[(1,1),(2,2),(4,2),(3,1)] q:[(1. A polygon is a two-dimensional feature and has a non-zero area. HalfspaceIntersection. Also, the intersection may be a line, if they are parallel, so you could also expect a GeometryCollection. read_file(gpkg, layer=layer) # get list of geometries geoms = gdf1['geometry']. To test for this kind of intersection, it is necessary to determine whether any of the polygons' edges intersect. Jul 26, 2013 · For my research I am looking for a (python) library to get the intersection of some 3D features. AddPoint(1161053. Returns a GeoSeries of the intersection of points in each aligned geometry with other. 3. intersection(a, b, grid_size=None, **kwargs) #. I want to find the intersection of streets in this buffer zone and if a street extends outside of the buffer I want it to be cut on the border. Mar 2, 2022 · I have a geodataframe that contains some polygons (the buffer points). python geometry polygon-intersection computational-geometry convex-hull matplotlib matplotlib-pyplot segment-intersection Dec 3, 2012 · Sorry for a very basic questions about rtree. Thanks! Oct 1, 2018 · I have 2 list of Polygon as below: list1 = [p1, p2, p3] list2 = [pa, pb, pc] I want to check if p1 overlaps pa, p2 overlaps pb, and p3 overlaps pc. STRtree(voronoi_polys) intersecting_idx = tree. From the attached image, I basically don't want the red circle to overlap with the yellow contour, I want the edge to be exactly where the yellow contour starts. The Intersect tool calculates the geometric intersection of any number of feature classes and feature layers. Aug 7, 2019 · I'm trying to get the intersection geometry result of two polygons using the python OGR library. length. overlay(how=intersection) does not Apr 17, 2017 · I would like to get the intersection of multiple polygons. Whereas intersects allows some of a geometry's points to be on the exterior of a spatially joined geometry so long at least one of its points touches or is within the second geometry. from shapely. MultiPolygon(polygons = (polygon1, polygon2)) ops. intersects to check whether they overlap with each other. Returns the geometry that is shared between input geometries. Jul 17, 2014 · so. It then performs the intersection, and changes the result back to the original format. # create an empty geometry of the same type. This method provides a straightforward way to fill in simple polygons quickly. Computes a geometric intersection of the input features. How do I check each polygon? Sep 5, 2021 · I call the intersection method once at the top of the loop and save it as a variable, then refer to the variable in the logic, instead of running it again. Both options are explained below. getFeatures(): inGeom = feat. The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner: The Geoseries (elementwise) or geometric object to find the intersection with. GetGeomType() 3 # -> polygon. We'll also a method for intersections between axis-aligned rectangles, a function that can determine the intersection of two line segments, as well as a point in polygon test. shape[1]) This creates a view of each array, changing each row to a tuple of values. However, none of the answers to these questions specify which algorithm is used in JTS to compute the intersection of two polygons. Finding out if a certain point is located inside or outside of an area, or finding out if a line intersects with another line or polygon are fundamental geospatial operations that are often used e. Added in version 0. take(intersecting_idx), polygon_to_intersect) Because it performs many more intersections than in my code above. In order to do this efficiently, we will use a feature of Shapely, called prepared geometry. Geometry(3) # union all the geometrical features of layer 1. array(Plane. Or if you want to test for all geometries in a specific GeoSeries: Mar 22, 2020 · Splitting the two lines wherever they intersect a polgyon will results in 6 segments (as labelled in green in the figure above). See the Pairwise Intersect tool documentation for details. AddPoint(1214704. May 6, 2019 · Although there seem to be 2 points that intersect visually: Second: I applied a buffer, this makes the polygon or multipoint valid. are correct. . intersects(inGeom. A sequence of points. 2), shapely will buffer the coordinates in polygon by 0. Hot Network Questions Nov 20, 2015 · I can generate the 12 points as such by using an intersection of the unions of the two geodataframes: >>> Intersection=gpd. Aug 1, 2020 · Python – Sympy Polygon. * FROM polygon A, polyline B WHERE ST_Intersects(A. If you instead use the intersection with the polygon, the result is a line, since polygons have an area. An explanation of the data in each of the possible fields is given below: - cellids: contains the cell ids of the intersected grid cells - vertices: contains the vertices of the intersected shape - areas: contains the area of the polygon in that grid cell (only for polygons) - lengths a4. ix[0]) Outputs: 0 True. The second is an optional unordered sequence of ring-like sequences specifying the interior boundaries or “holes” of the feature. Getting intersection of multiple polygons efficiently in Python. array(Segment. Create a set of points using the endpoints of each line. 1646903288, 712782. sjoin(districts,shops, op='contains', how='inner') joined The above code probably give me only one of the matching polygons. intersect1d(arr1_view, arr2_view) return intersected. The only geometry required is to calculate the area of a simple polygon using the Shoelace formula, and to determine the point of intersection between two line segments, required by step 5. Mar 1, 2024 · Method 1: Using the fill() function. errors. I have this map of NYC boroughs. Apr 26, 2011 · Vertices would be at (1, 2) (1,3) (4,2) (4,3) and (2,1) (3,1) (2,4) (3,4) -- no vertex lies inside any polygon, but the polygons do in fact intersect. area. # polygon layer. class sympy. Apr 20, 2022 · Using GeoPandas (as it was mentioned in a comment). May 10, 2012 · I have a vector<Point2f> that contains the contours of a polygon. Mar 22, 2022 · Find centroid on joint mask. For instance, polygon 1 and polygon 2 non overlapped spaces would have an “ID” of “1” and “2” respectively, and the overlapped region between these two polygons would have an “ID” of “1 | 2”, just like intersected = numpy. Inspired by this question. gpkg, are located in the Idaoja sub-catchment of the Porijogi river, by cross-checking with the polygons from a GeoJSON-file. for feat in layer2. In short, within requires that all of a geometry's points to be within the interior of the spatially joined geometry (and none on the exterior). Now, I could just run a standard O(N log N) algorithm to check if any two segments cross. For your purposes, if edges intersect but one polygon is not contained within the May 10, 2023 · Now, I want to intersect all the geometries at once and get the intersected polygon out of it. geometry. – Sandip Nepal The solution proposed by Mike T is powerful but not "classic" and performs only the intersection of shapefiles. The problem. But I don't know how to choose exactly p1 vs pa, p2 vs pb, p3 vs pc. I am trying to find which of these polygons intersect (in the same gpd), but the option gpd. 5,1)] In our human brain, it is easy to know that these two polygons are intersected and calculate the intersection area coordinates, but I want to let our machine know how to calculate the intersection area's coordinates. Jan 24, 2013 · 3d polygon - polygon intersection in python. validation. 07 40. Aug 21, 2018 · The districts dataset sometimes has overlapping polygons (as I have buffered them). Using numpy to find area of polygon. The results are returned as a numpy. edited Nov 10, 2021 at 16:14. The intersection may be empty if the polygon and the given geometry entity are not To associate your repository with the polygon-intersection topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics. I also have a list of points that need to be intersected with this polygon. If I understand you correctly with the systematic outputs you have multiple LinearRings inside your polygon and you want a separate result for each vs just having a single Boolean result for the entire polygon intersecting with other. overlaps() The intersect() constructs a geometry that is the geometric intersection of the two input geometries. An alternate tool is available for intersect operations. If I want to clip the intersections between evenly spaced Polylines and a closed rectangle Polygon, the outermost Polylines coincide with the edges of the Rectangle. oc mw hv mc ug pv ng ap mp uy